Enzymes and Biocatalysts


Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts. Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. The biological processes that happen inside all living organisms are chemical reactions, and most are controlled by enzymes. Without enzymes, many of these reactions would not take place at a tangible rate. Enzymes catalyze all features of cell metabolism. This covers the digestion of food, in which large nutrient molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. The conservation and transformation of chemical energy and the development of cellular macromolecules from smaller ancestors. Many acquired human diseases, such as albinism and phenylketonuria, result from a lack of a particular enzyme.



 

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